ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In 2021, we showed an increased risk associated with COVID-19 in pregnancy. Since then, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has undergone genetic mutations. We aimed to examine the effects on maternal and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 during pregnancy, and evaluate vaccine effectiveness, when omicron (B.1.1.529) was the variant of concern. METHODS: INTERCOVID-2022 is a large, prospective, observational study, involving 41 hospitals across 18 countries. Each woman with real-time PCR or rapid test, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in pregnancy was compared with two unmatched women without a COVID-19 diagnosis who were recruited concomitantly and consecutively in pregnancy or at delivery. Mother and neonate dyads were followed until hospital discharge. Primary outcomes were maternal morbidity and mortality index (MMMI), severe neonatal morbidity index (SNMI), and severe perinatal morbidity and mortality index (SPMMI). Vaccine effectiveness was estimated, adjusted by maternal risk profile. FINDINGS: We enrolled 4618 pregnant women from Nov 27, 2021 (the day after WHO declared omicron a variant of concern), to June 30, 2022: 1545 (33%) women had a COVID-19 diagnosis (median gestation 36·7 weeks [IQR 29·0-38·9]) and 3073 (67%) women, with similar demographic characteristics, did not have a COVID-19 diagnosis. Overall, women with a diagnosis had an increased risk for MMMI (relative risk [RR] 1·16 [95% CI 1·03-1·31]) and SPMMI (RR 1·21 [95% CI 1·00-1·46]). Women with a diagnosis, compared with those without a diagnosis, also had increased risks of SNMI (RR 1·23 [95% CI 0·88-1·71]), although the lower bounds of the 95% CI crossed unity. Unvaccinated women with a COVID-19 diagnosis had a greater risk of MMMI (RR 1·36 [95% CI 1·12-1·65]). Severe COVID-19 symptoms in the total sample increased the risk of severe maternal complications (RR 2·51 [95% CI 1·84-3·43]), perinatal complications (RR 1·84 [95% CI 1·02-3·34]), and referral, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death (RR 11·83 [95% CI 6·67-20·97]). Severe COVID-19 symptoms in unvaccinated women increased the risk of MMMI (RR 2·88 [95% CI 2·02-4·12]) and referral, ICU admission, or death (RR 20·82 [95% CI 10·44-41·54]). 2886 (63%) of 4618 total participants had at least a single dose of any vaccine, and 2476 (54%) of 4618 had either complete or booster doses. Vaccine effectiveness (all vaccines combined) for severe complications of COVID-19 for all women with a complete regimen was 48% (95% CI 22-65) and 76% (47-89) after a booster dose. For women with a COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccine effectiveness of all vaccines combined for women with a complete regimen was 74% (95% CI 48-87) and 91% (65-98) after a booster dose. INTERPRETATION: COVID-19 in pregnancy, during the first 6 months of omicron as the variant of concern, was associated with increased risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality, especially among symptomatic and unvaccinated women. Women with complete or boosted vaccine doses had reduced risk for severe symptoms, complications, and death. Vaccination coverage among pregnant women remains a priority. FUNDING: None.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pregnancy Outcome , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Female , Male , Vaccine Efficacy , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 Testing , Prospective Studies , MothersABSTRACT
Introducción: el SARS-CoV-2 produjo una pandemia afectando la salud de la población mundial desde el año 2019, lo que determinó cambios en las conductas sanitarias. Objetivos: describir resultados obstétricos-neonatales en madres COVID-19 positivas al momento del nacimiento en la asistencia pública y privada en el período desde marzo de 2020 a junio de 2021. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo de las embarazadas COVID-19 positivas al momento del parto y sus neonatos en en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell y en Médica Uruguaya. Resultados: se obtuvo una muestra de 240 madres y 244 neonatos. El 0,42% (n=1) de las madres presentó sintomatología grave por COVID-19. El 46% (n=110) de los embarazos finalizaron por cesárea. El 3% (n=7) de las madres ingresaron a terapia intensiva, en su mayoría por complicaciones de la gestación. En cuanto a los recién nacidos, tuvieron contacto con su madre el primer día de vida el 86,5% (n=211), siendo la causa principal de ingreso a Terapia Intensiva no contar con cuidador. Se realizó PCR a todos sin identificar transmisión vertical. La internación fue mayor a tres días en 36,48% (n=89). Se registró una sola muerte neonatal por prematurez extrema. Fueron alimentados con pecho exclusivo el 19,67% (n=48) en la internación. Conclusiones: la pandemia afectó la asistencia inicial del binomio madre-hijo. No observamos ascenso en el número de cesáreas pero sí disminución en lactancia exclusiva, prolongación de la estadía hospitalaria y aumento del ingreso en áreas de cuidado intensivo sin detectar contagios en los neonatos.
Summary: Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a pandemic that affected the health of the world´s population since 2019, what resulted in changes in health behaviors. Objectives: to describe obstetrical and neonatal results in mothers positive for COVID-19 at the time of birth in public and private institutions between March, 2020 and June, 2021. Method: observational, descriptive, retrospective study of pregnant women positive for COVID-19 at the time of delivery and their neonates at Pereira Rossell Hospital and Medica Uruguaya. Results: a sample of 240 mothers and 244 neonates was studied. 0.42% (n=1) of mothers evidenced severe symptoms for COVID-19. 46% (n=110) of pregnancies ended up in C-sections. 3% of mothers were admitted to ICU due to gestational complications in most cases. As to the newborns, 86.5% of them were in contact with their mother their first day of life, the first cause for their being admitted to ICU was absence of a caregiver. PCR tests were performed to all newborns and no vertical transmission was identified. Hospitalization was longer than three days in 36.48% of cases (n=89). Only one neonatal death was recorded as a consequence of extreme prematurity. Exclusively breastfed babies represented 19.67% (n=48) during hospitalization. Conclusions: the pandemic affected the initial assistance of the mother-child binomial. No increase was observed in the number of C-sections, although exclusive breastfeeding did decrease, hospitalization was longer and there was an increase in admission to the ICU although no neonate contagion was observed.
Introdução: o SARS-CoV-2 produziu uma pandemia afetando a saúde da população mundial desde 2019, o que determinou mudanças nos comportamentos de saúde. Objetivos: descrever os desfechos obstétrico-neonatais em mães positivas para COVID-19 no momento do parto na rede pública e privada no período de março de 2020 - junho de 2021. Metodologia: estudo observacional descritivo retrospectivo de gestantes positivas para COVID-19 no momento do parto e seus recém-nascidos no Hospital Pereira Rossell e Médica Uruguaya. Resultados: obteve-se uma amostra de 240 mães e 244 recém-nascidos. 0,42% (n=1) das mães apresentaram sintomas graves de COVID-19. 46% (n=110) das gestações terminaram por cesariana. 3% (n=7) das mães foi internada em terapia intensiva devido a complicações na gravidez. Em relação aos recém-nascidos, 86,5% (n=211) tiveram contato com a mãe no primeiro dia de vida, sendo a principal causa de internação em terapia intensiva a falta de cuidador. O teste PCR foi realizado em todos sem detecção de transmissão vertical. Em 36,48% (n=89) a internação foi superior a três dias. Foi registrado um único óbito neonatal por prematuridade extrema. 19,67% (n=48) foram amamentados exclusivamente durante a internação. Conclusões: a pandemia afetou o atendimento inicial do binômio mãe-filho. Não se registrou um aumento do número de cesáreas, porém observou-se diminuição do aleitamento materno exclusivo, prolongamento da internação e aumento das internações em unidades de terapia intensiva sem detecção de contágio em recém-nascidos.